The frequency ratios for a major scale are as shown in Table 1. He later concluded that small whole number ratios were the foundation for consonant sounds in strings as well as in volumes of air in pipes and water in vases. By manipulating the location of the movable bridge, he discovered that when the string length was halved, the pitch produced was an octave higher. Around 550 BC, Pythagorous of Samos invented the monochord using a soundboard and a single string draped across a stationary bridge and a movable bridge (2). The study of sound goes back thousands of years to ancient cultures-Chinese, Japanese, and Egyptian, to name a few-that invented instruments in order to create music (1). Additionally, the way we hear and process musical sounds requires a complex biological system. At the heart of the physics of music is the wave, an energy-carrying disturbance that travels through particles in a given medium. Sounds are governed by principles of physics, from the vibration of strings on a violin to the measurements and dimensions that go into the acoustics of a concert hall or stadium. Yet, music lovers often overlook the foundation of music: science. Performers learn to master the technique necessary to play their instruments, and listeners grow to prefer genres. Many students get their feet wet with music classes while others sing or play in ensembles on campus. The bells in Baker Tower chime every hour, Professor Brison hosts an array of performances for East Wheelock residents, and the Hopkins Center brings in esteemed artists from around the world. Baker Tower fills the Hanover air with musical vibrations daily.ĭartmouth’s campus teems with music.
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